WEEK 12: GERUND AND INFINITIVE
GRAMMAR: GERUND AND INFINITIVE VERB LIST:
Common Verbs (download)
MORE GRAMMAR:
1. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinating conjunctions connect items which are the same grammatical type, e.g. words, phrases, clauses. The most common coordinating conjunctions are and, or, but.
1.1 One-word conjunctions
1.1.1 Connecting words
Which do you prefer? Red or blue?
1.1.2 Connecting phrases
The meal was very expensive and not very nice.
1.1.3 Connecting clauses
There are seats outside but some people don’t like sitting outdoors.
1.1.4 Connecting sentences
My grandmother’s name was Wall. But she became Jenkins when she got married to my grandfather.
1.1.5 Connecting prefixes
Pro- and anti-government supporters waited outside the parliament.
1.2 Two word conjunctions
Some coordinating conjunctions have two parts: either … or …, neither … nor …, both … and …:
You can drink chocolate milk either hot in the winter or cold in the summer.
Neither Lisa nor Helena had been to Italy before. (Lisa hadn’t been to Italy before and Helena hadn’t been to Italy before.)
Both you and I know what really happened. (You know and I know what happened.)
2. Subordinating conjunctions
2.1 One-word conjunctions
Although or though?
As
As … as
Before
If
Once
Since
So
That
Until
When
Whereas
While and whilst
After we had talked on the phone, I wrote down what we had decided.
Everyone enjoyed the fishing trip although no one caught any fish!
Before we left at four o’clock, we had something to eat.
2.2 Conjunctions with more than one word
As long as the waves are high enough, we can go surfing.
Provided that he pays a fine, he will not have to go to jail.
VOCABULARY
A
Acute: very sharp
Adorable: very cute
Ancient: very old
Archaic: very old-fashioned
Arid: very dry
Ashen: very pale
Awful: very bad
B
Basic: very simple
Battered: very hurt
Beautiful: very pretty
Boiling: very hot
Brief: very short
Brilliant: very smart
Broke: very poor
C
Cautious: very careful
Challenging: very different
Chilling: very scary
Compelling: very powerful
Costly: very expensive
D
Deafening: very noisy
Delicious: very tasty
Delighted: very happy
Despondent: very depressed
Destitude: very poor
Disparate: very different
Dreadful: very distressing
E
Eminent: very famous
Exasperating: very annoying
Excellent: very good
Excruciating: very painful
Exhausted: very tired
Extensive: very long
F
Flawless: very perfect
Forceful: very strong
Frail: very weak
Freezing: very cold
Frequently: very often
Furious: very angry
G
Giant: very big
Gleaming: very shiny
Gloomy: very sad
Grave: very serious
H
Hideous: very ugly
Hushed: very quiet
I
Indispensable: very important
Indolent: very lazy
K
Keen: very sharp
O
Obnoxious: very disagreeable
P
Perilous: very dangerous
Petrified: very scared
Pouring: very rainy
Profound: very deep
R
Rapid: very quick
Regularly: very often
S
Sheepish: very shy
Skeletal: very skinny
Slack: very loose
Sleek: very smooth
Sorrowful: very sad
Spotless: very clean
Starving: very hungry
Swamped: very busy
Swift: very fast
T
Timid: very shy
Tiny: very little
Tiresome: very boring
Towering: very tall
V
Vibrant: very colourful
W
Wealthy: very rich
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